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Eastern esotericism is a term utilized by various scholars to describe a broad range of religious beliefs and practices originating from the Eastern world, characterized by esoteric, secretive, or occult elements. The classification of Eastern esotericism presents challenges, as it is influenced by varying geographical and cultural definitions of "Eastern" and "Western" contexts, particularly in relation to Islamic nations. The delineation of esotericism itself can vary among scholars, with some arguing that the concept is predominantly rooted in Western traditions. This perspective raises important questions regarding the applicability of a Western framework to non-Western practices, potentially leading to classifications that may not accurately reflect the complexities of these traditions.[4][5][6][7] Conversely, other scholars propose a more globalized viewpoint, suggesting that comparable systems of secret knowledge and mystical practices exist across different cultures and warrant examination within a unified framework.
Despite these ongoing debates, the concept of Eastern esotericism has been adopted by many scholars as a relevant category for investigating the nuanced dimensions of spiritual life in various Eastern traditions. This includes elements found in Hinduism and Buddhism, where secret teachings, initiatory rites, and mystical experiences are significant. Additionally, Eastern esotericism encompasses a variety of, ethnic religions and syncretic systems that integrate indigenous beliefs with other spiritual influences, thereby broadening the scope of study in this area. Overall, the term serves as a foundation for exploring the diverse and intricate landscape of esoteric thought and practice across the Eastern world.[6][8]